Falling into mud, a descent into madness Essay examples -- Play Analys

Having never experienced a show highlighting contemporary and modern dance I was not quite certain what to expect when I first took my seat at the Kshoy!/Decay! performance. What I was not anticipating was a spectacle that moved so quickly and fluidly rendering me unable to process the scenes moment-by-moment as they unfolded before me. It was a beautiful and moving experience that has afforded me many moments of self-reflection to decode and interpret what I was presented with. There was one specific moment from the program that constantly replays over and over in my head. At this one given moment the stage is flooded with the diverse company of women, united in one rapid choreographed movement, when the mood is abruptly changed, the lighting dims to near-darkness, and the quick-footed women all flee, save one, which dramatically freezes in her position. It is silent. There she stands, this tall, statuesque woman. When you look upon her you cannot help but see her as the epitome of a strong black female, her posture suggests that she has labored very hard in her time and is all deserving of the respect that she has attained. She is fully in command of the audience and stage and has us all hinged on her impending movement. If you look closely you can see that from her pronounced forehead there is the tiniest droplets of perspiration as the result of her previous hypnotic gyrations, and you can see her breast breathing heavily trying to regain her brea th and composure. Her garb is a bright magenta beacon in the dark room, and the slight shimmer of the cloth she wears can be likened to a dimly shining candle flame. At this moment you expect her to do nothing other than stand there in her immense pride and relish in the... ...y: Boraine, Alex. A Country Unmasked: Inside South Africa's Truth And Reconciliation Commission. 1st Ed. South Africa: Oxford University Press, 2000. 145-188. Print. Davies, Rob, Dan O'Meara, and Sipho Dlamini. The Struggle for South Africa: A Reference Guide to Movements, Organizations, And Institutions. 1st Ed. 2 vols. London, United Kingdom: Zed Books LTD, 1984. 190-211. Print. De Klerk, F.W. The Last Trek - A New Beginning. 1st Ed. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. 378-385. Print Meredith, Martin. Coming To Terms: South Africa's Search for Truth. 1. New York, New York: PublicAffairs, Perseus Books Group, 1999. 59-67. Print. Gellhorn, Martha, Edward Murrow, Jessica Mitford, Seymour Hersh, and Eric Schlosser. Tell Me No Lies - Investigative Journalism That Changed The World. 1. New York, New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2005. 190-192. Print.

Critical discussion of at least three poems Essay

Compare the ways in which the poets write about unhappiness and suffering. In your response you must include a critical discussion of at least three poems. Throughout this comparative analysis, I will discuss the various ways in which the poets use lexis, imagery and structure to convey the sentiment and themes within the text. I have chosen Lizzie, Six and Shooting Stars by Carol Ann Duffy and Requiem for the Croppies by Seamus Heaney. The poems are all linked with suffering by the hands of an oppressive force. Lizzie by her abuser, the Jewish heroine by the Nazi’s and the Irish by the English. The poems offer vivid and individual style to describe mutual suffering within varied circumstances. The titles of each poem are intended to capture the reader’s attention from the start. Lizzie, Six, is laid out as such to show the youth of the character of Lizzie. Not only in her name being abbreviated in a youthful manner, but the placement of the comma slows the reader down, forcing them to contemplate the purity of a child that age. She is able to establish an immediate sense of dread. In Shooting Stars, Duffy provides us with an ambiguous beginning. ‘Stars’ is representative of the Star of David and ‘Shooting’ in the literal sense of the ‘stars’ being shot. Alternatively, Duffy may have been using the title metaphorically as a shooting star, representative of fleeting life for the Jewish people throughout the Nazi regime. The alliteration in Shooting Stars, is also a mind rhyme for Saal-Schutz, the Nazi SS Army. In Requiem for the Croppies, ‘Requiem’ defined as ‘a Mass for the repose of the souls of the dead’ is intended to offer peace to the thousands that died at the hands of the English and those that died; being the ‘Croppies’, the Irish men defending their land who cut their hair into a cropped fashion as a sign of rebellion. It is a gesture of praise and thanks and a wish for restfulness for those men whose lives were taken in the uprising of 1798. Samir Raheem describes it as ‘a poem that romantically commemorates the Irish rebels’. (Rahim, Telegraph, 2013). The word ‘Croppies’ is also a rhyme for ‘poppies’, a symbol of remembrance. The form and structure is indicative to the main themes of each poem and as a further notion; the suffering the characters, cultures or countrymen have endured. Representative of this is in Lizzie, 6, Duffy lays out the poem in a series of five stanzas with a call and response from the abuser and the abused narrative, typical in nature of a nursery rhyme and resonant particularly to the story ‘Little Red Riding Hood’. Critic Stan Smith describes â€Å"Lizzie, Six† as a ‘plangent, Lorcaesque song†. Barry Wood stated that ‘Duffy knew Lorca’s poetry or at least drew on similar traditions of popular child’s songs and rhymes’ (Wood, Tusitala. org. uk, 2007). The structure is repetitive and creates a feeling of tension. The repetition is also significant in the nature of the prolonged abuse, loss of innocence and suffering Lizzie is subjected to. The abuser also remains unidentified as it would be too uncomfortable for the reader to relate to the suffering the abuser inflicts (Morgan, Classnotes, 2015). In Shooting Stars, Duffy keeps the four line stanzas to create a similar notion of repetition of abuse and more likely to emphasize the routine and the standard, desensitised, rhythmic executions carried out by Nazi soldiers. Shooting Stars is written as a first person narrative and similarly to Lizzie’s abuser, her character is unidentified. This however, is to ensure the reader grasps the point that so many other Jews died namelessly during this period of persecution, highlighting the suffering. Heaney in Requiem takes a completely different approach in the structure of the poem and instead lays it out in the form of a sonnet. This is a mark of respect and love for the Irishmen who suffered and a juxtaposition to the ill respect shown by their oppressors. Written from the 3rd person narrative from the perspective of the Irish Rebels. Each line has roughly 10 or 11 syllables to it or just over, dictating the pace and the solemn, valiant story telling sentiment of the poem, an element similar to that of Lizzie. Six. Lizzie, Six uses dark and negative lexis throughout to increase the feeling of the suffering inflicted and the dialogue between the characters is disturbing. The doubling of the words ‘moon’, ‘fields’, ‘love’, ‘wood’ and ‘dark’ in lines 2 and 3 of each stanza are offered primarily in the view of the innocence of a child, i. e. In literature, the moon is commonly linked to imagination and fields to that of freedom etc. Secondly the words are manipulated by the adult abuser, effectively stripping the original association of the word and replacing it with a horrific alternative showing the intention of emotional abuse. Wood says that Duffy presents ‘a poignant example of â€Å"broken listening†, of – in this case — the adult listener refusing to hear or misinterpreting what is heard and of the child destroyed by being unheard and ignored’ (B Wood, 2006). It also represents consistent and worsening abuse as the words start with a lighter, childlike tone ‘moon’, ‘fields’ and literally end with ‘dark’. The use of language in Lizzie, Six is vulgar, particularly towards the end of the poem; Duffy uses this to show how the level of abuse and suffering worsens throughout the poem and over time and transitions from mental to physical suffering. She shows this in the penultimate stanza when the abuser says ‘I’ll give you wood, when your bottom’s bare’. ‘Wood’ is a disturbing metaphor and the literal intention the abuser becomes apparent here. The abuser asks in stanza five ‘Where are you hiding? ’ Duffy uses this to allow the reader to see the abuser demonstrating his menacing mental control over Lizzie as she is powerless to hide from him. In the sixth stanza, the abuser asks ‘Why are you crying? ’ – a physical display of an emotional response. (Morgan, Classnotes, 2015). Duffy shows a similar representation of the emotional and physical realms of suffering in Shooting Stars. ‘I heard the click. Not yet. A trick’ – The Nazi soldier at the time of the speaker’s execution uses excessive cruelty and mental torture in toying ‘with his victim and the short sentences at the end of the line create tension and a sense of the real experience of the woman and the power wielded by the soldier’ (MissGrant, 2015). Duffy demonstrates physical anguish in the third stanza at the fear of rape from the Nazi’s ‘My bowels opened in a ragged gape of fear’. Duffy’s word choice here is extreme but emphasizes the sheer terror that a woman would go through in this situation. The ‘gape’ is representative of a screaming mouth (MissGrant, 2015) and is intentionally inversed as ‘gagged rape’. The effect it has is it to double the meaning and subsequently intensify the horror of the suffering she endured in this situation. Heaney represents the emotional suffering in the form of their love of the country, not necessarily the Irishmen individually but as a whole, due to the oppression from the English – ‘we moved quick and sudden in our own country’. Heaney demonstrates the resentment of the Irish in this sentence and ‘the priest lay behind ditches with the tramp’ – Heaney juxtaposes the holiest man with the lowliest man, neither had any advantage over the other when it came to slaughter from their oppressors. The personification Heaney offers upon the Irish defeat on Vinegar Hill ‘The Hillside blushed, soaked in our broken wave’; Provokes the emotional and physical in the form of slight embarrassment at their being ill equipped to deter the English attack ‘shaking scythes at cannon’ but also the physicality or their blood staining the green of the fields to red. The first and last line include the imagery of barley, a symbol for revolution and independence (Morgan, Classnotes, 2015). Heaney uses Irony from the barley that the Irish rebels carried in their pockets for food, was in fact the very same that enabled the barley ‘to grow up ‘out of the grave’ fertilized by the blood of Irish souls. Critic Paul Hurt says that the first line ‘The pockets of our greatcoats full of barley’ and the last line ‘And in August the barley grew up out of the grave’ â€Å"are contrived. They belong to the world of ‘self-consciously significant details’ which are routine in many war films, in films of all kinds† (Paul Hurt, 2015). But Critic Blake Morrison said that Seamus Heaney is ‘that rare thing, a poet rated highly by critics and academics yet popular with ‘the common reader’ and as a common reader, I’m rather inclined to appreciate the majestic quality and symbolism of the re-birth of an army ready to fight and again. All three poems have a common feature with the echoed sadness and ill treatment and respect imposed from their oppressors with mass and shallow graves in Shooting Stars and Requiem ‘they buried us without shroud or coffin’ and ‘between the gaps of corpses I could see a child’. And in Lizzie, Six, the abuser’s final statement ‘I’ll give you the dark and I do not care’. The sentence and grammar structure in Lizzie, Six, is rigid and unchanging. The first line of each stanza is a question from the abuser, the second a response from the abused and in the third and fourth lies a demonic manipulation of Lizzies answer; Wood says ‘The child’s fear is answered only by a distorted or distorting â€Å"echo† from the adult world which, if less brutal and punitive than the world of â€Å"Lizzie, Six†, is equally isolating and disquieting. ’ (B Wood, 2006) Possibly Duffy used this sentence structure to emphasise the unrelenting suffering in the emotional, and physical that Lizzie faces. In Shooting Stars, Duffy takes an alternative approach and to represent the last thoughts of a dying woman offers a certain level of enjambment within the text. The punctuation is free in that ‘Rebecca Rachel Ruth Aaron Emmanuel David’ are listed without breath to exaggerate the extent of the ‘nameless’ people that have suffered. This is also a juxtaposition. This continues later in the poem with ‘Sara Ezra†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Duffy has done this to show the list could go on and on without pause. Almost as if those that have suffered spring to mind too easily for the sheer number of victims. Duffy uses repetition in the use of the word ‘Remember. A resounding theme of the poem is to remember the suffering of an entire race and to relate this lessons of history to modern day struggles. Duffy uses Anaphora in the fifth stanza to reiterate this theme. â€Å"After immense suffering someone takes tea on the lawn. After the terrible moans a boy washes his uniform. After the history lesson children run to their toys†. ‘Tea on the lawn’ refers to how normal life can resume so quickly after horrific events have taken place and can be forgotten as easily as ‘a boy washes his uniform’ symbolic of the cleansing of the Jewish race (MissGrant, 2015). Heaney uses enjambment to slow the pace. It is used to represent the Irish Rebels speed of movement; ‘A people, hardly marching – on the hike-‘, common folk, pacing themselves and climbing a hill, probably wounded, weary and hungry. Enjambment is used where the sonnet breaks form and introducing their demise; ‘Until, on Vinegar Hill, the fatal conclave. ’ Heaney uses this sentence structure to slow the reader and to emphasise the fall of the rebels and their devastation emotionally and physically. It adds a dramatic and magnificent tone to their sacrifice. In a similar sub-theme to Shooting Stars, remembrance is also a theme in Requiem, highlighted throughout the poem by Heaney’s word choice. Sound, sight, touch and sensation feature regularly in Shooting stars to evoke emotion. Straight away we are greeted with silence from the Dead Jew ‘After I no longer speak’ – a tradition of remembrance. We have a glimpse into her life that she was married, Duffy displays this with the ‘wedding ring’, the dear that caused the sensation of ‘urine trickling down her legs’ – a physical display of an emotional response. And the brutal and callous touch of the soldiers to ‘salvage’ what they see as the only valuable part of her when they break her finger to retrieve her wedding ring. Duffy uses the element of Marriage to re-inforce human emotion as a juxtaposition against the desensitised Nazi’s. Duffy also uses onomatopoeia in the word ‘click’ to highlight the mental torture the soldier imposes on the Jewish prisoner. Assonance and rhyming are used continuously through Requiem to promote the feeling of a steady struggle. ‘kitchens’ and ‘stricking’, ‘sudden’ and ‘country’ in the opening lines. ‘camp’, ’tramp’, ‘hike’ and ‘pike’ are rhymes used every other line. Heaney does this to re-inforce the military tone of the poem, introducing a steady drumming for the rebels to march in time to. Heaney breaks the rhyme momentarily to create a sense of doom. He shows this in ‘the final conclave’. Heaney returns immediately to the rhyme to emphasise the re-birth of the soldiers and the importance of the remembrance for the those who suffered so they could live. Duffy uses a similar technique in Shooting Stars in ‘opened the ragged gape of fear’ to re-inforce horror of the statement. She also uses alliteration in ‘Rebecca Rachel Ruth’ and uses traditional Jewish names to heighten the exhaustive list of those who suffered. In Lizzie, Six, Duffy uses consonance rather than assonance and alliteration, closely implied to Anaphora to accentuate the nervous disposition of the reader ‘What’, ‘Where’, ‘What’, ‘Where’, ‘Why’ at the beginning of each stanza and consonance in ‘I’m afraid of the dark. I’ll give you the dark and I do not care’ similar to the techniques used in Shooting Stars in the first line uses consonance and an imperfect pararhyme ‘speak and break’ in the first line. an All three poems have a common theme of rhyme, but the intention is different. Lizzie, Six and Requiem show tail rhyme and holorime both in an effort to make the poem memorable, but Duffy uses this in Lizzie, Six to exaggerate the loss of innocence of a child. Rhyming the poem in a simplistic child-like manner emphasises the haunting suffering. Whereas Heaney uses this technique to signify the remembrance theme of the poem, taking the literal of making the poem memorable and easy to read. All three poems have a common connection to the suffering imposed from an oppressor. For Lizzie, Six, Lizzie is suffering at the hands of her abuser. For Shooting Stars, the Jewish women and the Jewish race are suffering from the oppression of the Nazis and for Requiem for the Croppies, the Irishmen suffering for the loss of their land to the English. Shooting Stars and Requiem have a sub-theme of remembrance and Lizzie Six, the loss of innocence. Though loss of innocence can be found in Shooting Stars and Requiem, their sufferance is predominantly for a race, and land rather than innocence. Regular assonance and consonance are used throughout all three poems, but to different ends, similarly with intentional use of rhyming. The poems vividly highlight suffering throughout, with careful word choice, simplistic yet vulgar in Lizzie, Six to make the suffering more haunting, Grim and factual in Shooting Stars to exaggerate the horror of the suffering and militant and simple to aid the remembrance of the those who suffered in Requiem for the Croppies. References Gardiner, M. (2015). Summaries of selected poetry by Seamus Heaney (Higher School Certificate 1998). [online] Files. puzzling. org. Available at: https://files. puzzling. org/wayback/hsc/heaney [Accessed 17 Nov. 2015]. Grant, M. (2015). [online] View. officeapps. live. com. Available at: https://view. officeapps. live. com/op/view. aspx? src=http%3A%2F%2Fmissgrantenglish. wikispaces. com%2Ffile%2Fview%2FRevision%2BPack. docx [Accessed 18 Nov. 2015]. Hurt, P. (2015). Paul Hurt on Seamus Heaney’s ‘The Grauballe Man’ and other poems. [online] Linkagenet. com. Available at: http://www. linkagenet. com/reviews/heaneypoemcriticism. htm#requiem [Accessed 18 Nov. 2015]. McMahon, D. (2013). A quick reading of Seamus Heaney’s â€Å"Requiem for the Croppies†. [online] pulpteacher. Available at: https://pulpteacher. wordpress. com/2013/03/13/a-quick-reading-of-seamus-heaneys-requiem-for-the-croppies/ [Accessed 17 Nov. 2015].

Aristotle’s Elements of Tragedy - 1473 Words

Aristotle is one of the most important western philosophers in history that has influenced our society in many aspects. Many of Aristotle’s teachings have affected our world for many years and still continue to have such a big impact. Some of the subjects Aristotle has influenced include: logic, physics, government and poetry. Aristotle’s study of poetry mainly focused on the elements to a good tragedy. Some of his elements have been used in Greek tragedies and modern movies. The Greek play, Medea, and the modern movie, No Country for Old Men, use elements from Aristotle philosophy, while using similar and different techniques but both achieving an effective tragedy. In Aristotle’s book, Poetics, he defines tragedy as, â€Å"an imitation of an†¦show more content†¦Deus ex machina is described as a plot device where an unsolvable problem is abruptly resolved by an unexpected interference. Aristotle clearly states in Poetics that the worst kind of plots is when the plots seem episodic and events happen in no sequence. He also stated to stay away from outside intervention, specifically deus ex machina. Although Medea didn’t follow that rule, the use of the outside intervention benefited the play. Therefore stating that Aristotle’s rules are not necessary for creating an effective tragedy. The third element used in Medea was language. The play used appropriate diction throughout the play to convey emotions felt by characters. The words and language used in the lines throughout Medea is effective because it expressed the characters emotions clearly. Medea says in the play: The pain that I’ve suffered, I’ve suffered so much worth oceans of weeping. O Children, accursed may you die-with your father! Your mother is hateful Go to hell, the whole household! Every last one† (quoted in Medea 117-120) The language used in this line shows how furious Medea. 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A tragedy, according to Aristotle, consists of six major points. The first and most important is the plot, which is what all the other points are based on. Such points are: character, language, thought, melody, and spectacle (Aristotle). A prime example of the usage of theseRead MoreOedipus As A Tragic Hero1094 Words   |  5 Pagestragic hero. His refusal to accept the truth led to Oedipus’ down fall. A tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle, â€Å"is a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction.† Sophocles’ Oedipus exemplifies Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. In the play, Oedipus unknowingly has cursed the entire town of Thebes. He was cursed to kill his father and marry his mother but never knew who his true parents were. In result of him escaping from the town he was sentRead MoreWhat Makes A Tragedy?908 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Defines a Tragedy? 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Anabolic Steroids and the High School Athlete Essay

Anabolic Steroids and the High School Athlete Anabolic steroid abuse has become a national concern among high school athletes. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of athletes using these performance enhancing drugs in high school almost double the number using since the 1980s. These athletes feel that steroids gives them the competitive edge that they think they need to boost themselves past the competition. Steroids have been used in bodybuilding and other sports since the 1950s. Nowadays, athletes from all walks of life use them. Its not uncommon for athletes such as bodybuilders, football players, boxers, sprinters, and especially powerlifters to use them on a year round basis. Some professional bodybuilders†¦show more content†¦Before I tell you about the users I want to give you a little background information on this illegal substance. Anabolic/androgenic steroids are synthetic substances related to the male hormone testosterone. These substances have two effects, the androgenic which is causing the body to become more male, even if the user is female and the anabolic, tissue building phase of the use. Most people who use steroids want the tissue building effect and so use steroids with higher anabolic than androgenic properties. Anabolic steroids are banned in most sports, any athlete found using them is usually suspended for long periods and stripped of any titles they m ay have gained while they were using steroids. Steroids come in two forms, either injectable or as tablets which are swallowed and which are broken down and transferred directly into the testosterone producing organs. Injectable steroids seem to cause less damage in men but the steroids in pill form may be less dangerous for women, as they do not damage the liver as much as steroids that are swallowed as pills. 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Product Life Cycle Of Nike Air Jordan - 889 Words

2) Product Life Cycle Introduction Stage: During the introduction stage, the Nike Air Jordan one was a novelty in the marketplace as it was Michel Jordan’s first signature basketball shoe. Nike decided to go with penetration pricing strategy. They did this to help capture a large market share early on, by selling the Nike Air Jordan Ones for only $65.00 Compared to last years 2016 Nike Air Jordan one shoe release which costed $180.00, the original price of $65.00 for the exact same shoe was much cheaper. However, Nike needed to establish a customer base, which is why the shoe had a very low price. Growth Stage: Michel Jordan made a name for himself as he would continue to strive in the NBA (National Basketball Association),†¦show more content†¦Decline Stage: After two successful years of sales of the Nike Air Jordan One, Nike needed to decide whether they would drop the product, sell or license the product to another company, discount the product, regionalize the product, modernise the product or recommit the product. Nike decided to drop the Air Jordan one due to decrease of sales, and focused on the next Air Jordan model they would release which was called the Nike Air Jordan 2. 3) The Nike Air Jordan One was originally marketed through television and the internet. As talked about before, this product was banned by the NBA which gathered a lot of attention. The Nike Air Jordan especially gathered attention when Nike made a commercial explaining what had happened. Michel Jordan would continue to wear the shoes and would get fined $5000.00 every time he did so however, Nike would pay for the fines. Nike would market these basketball shoes through television commercials with celebrities, as it was the main platform back in 1980. Originally there were only eleven colourways released of the shoe back in 1985, however Nike decided to release it so many times since it was the shoe that started it all. The shoe was released at least fifty and continues to be released in numerous colourways. The quality of the entire shoes has increased due to the repositioning of the shoe. Originally the shoe was only worn to playShow MoreRelatedï » ¿Life Cycle with Air Jordan1487 Words   |  6 PagesLife Cycle with Air Jordan Introduction Air Jordan belongs to a famous international brand called â€Å"Nike† which is a pair of legendary shoes. Nike, Inc. is an America transnational corporation that has its own design and technology, and it’s mainly products is clothes, shoes, and equipment etc. The Nike shoes also is one of fortune 500 company, and the rank of Nike, Inc. is 126. (A Time Warner Company, 2013) Different Nike’s Product have unlike Life cycle, because of epidemic and seasonality of productRead MoreNke I2 Erp3187 Words   |  13 PagesNike I2 ERP Implementation Failure Case Study February 9, 2014 Shafer Minnick Morgan Correll Jeff Harvey Nike stands as the World’s leading producer of Athletic Footwear, Apparel and Equipment. 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Prepared by: Chuck Viasi MBA 330 - Innovation and Technology Management August 11, 2012 ------------------------------------------------- Executive Summary Nike, Inc. is a globally-recognized athletic sports apparel company with strong brand loyalty. The foundations of Nike’s success today were established by its Co-Founders Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman in 1972. 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Nike and Adidas carries manufactures basically the same products. These companies offer similar products in comparisons to each other. Both of these brand s are well- know in households. The slogan for Nike is Just Do It is well-known aroundRead MoreMarket segmentation of the Nike company 3635 Words   |  15 PagesMarket segmentation of the Nike company Demographic  Segmentation Demography segmentation they include age, race, family income, and education level, among others.Besides, it was observed that the majority of the respondents consist of professional from various fields like engineers, software professionals, working executive etc. who effective form 38% of our database. While 36% were students from various fields. Others constitute designers and athletes etc. the further study is carried on the buyingRead More The Nike Co. 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NIKE is the worlds number one shoe company andRead MoreNikes Imc Plan5035 Words   |  21 Pages1 NIKE 64th Intake/ DSM 402 / Group assignment for Marketing Communication We declare that this report is 3991 words in length Cordially consolidated by: Leader: Michelle Zheng Pei Yi (S8822344Z) Members: Noorjanah Khatoon Bte Mohd Khan Sarattee (S7930425E) Eugene Nah (S7925122D) Nike Huang PeiLing (S8827406G) 1|Page 2 NIKE Content Page 1.1 Nature of Business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Page 3 1.2 Nike Origin and Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Page 3 1.3 Nike Popularity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreWhy Trainers Are The Most Popular Shoes4015 Words   |  17 Pages Thesis statement we all know about trainers and there use in our day today life but ever wondered how did the trainers came in existence and how did they captured the market?, what brands were the first leading brands?, what factors helped the trainers market to grow?, how is it connected to celebrities and sports stars?, well that’s is what this essay is about :- HISTORY OF THE TRAINERS (sneakers) Introduction Here I am going to talk about the history

Albert Bandera Free Essays

Albert Bandura has made great contributions to the field of learning and cognition. His finding formed the foundation of modern social learning theory. Bandura studies were base on observational learning or modeling (2013). We will write a custom essay sample on Albert Bandera or any similar topic only for you Order Now He believed that people learn by observing others, such behaviors, but not necessary by imitating or mimicking (2013) For example if you see a friend slipping on the wet floor, you would go around to prevent from slipping like your friend. Observing behavior is a form of information a person obtains, a process of learning to later recover when need it. It incorporates the basic principles of learning like attention, memory and motivation. Albert Bandura Bobo Doll experiment set principles on social learning. Through this experiment he observed 33 children, boys and girls. These children were then divided into 3 groups, each group watch a different ending of the video. The video was of a woman beating a Bobo Doll; she beat up the doll, threw it across the room, kicked it, and called it names. She was very aggressive towards the doll for no apparent reason. The first group watched a video that showed the person beating the doll receiving a reward after the behavior. Second group watched the person being punished for the behavior, and the third group watched the video with no consequences (2013). After watching the video the children were presented to a bobo doll just like the one in the video. All 33 children reacted aggressively towards the doll. The aggression varied on what video each children watched. The children that watched the person being rewarded were more aggressive; the aggression decrease with the children that watched the person being punished and aggression was neutral with those that watch the video with no consequence (2013). In conclusion to this study, Bandura explain the influence of observational learning. First is attention, in order for a person to learn he or she needs to pay attention, be focused (2013). If there is distraction the observational learning process will have a negative affect. For example a dancer learning a new step, while the dance master is howing a new step, Silvia notices her crush walk-in the dance room. Instead of paying attention to the new step, her attention is elsewhere. Second is retention, is the ability to store the information a person learns through observing, he or she obtains the information to later act on it (2013). Third, reproduction, which is the process of practicing on what the person learns from observing, likes performi ng the behavior. For example; after the dancer learns a new step by observing the dance master, she then practice the behavior, in this case is the new dancing step. Last is motivation, for a person to act the behavior learned after observing he or she has to be motivated. Reinforcements and punishments are actually important role in the process of motivation. For example, lets take Silva the dancer, she makes sure to learn the right steps to the dance routine because if she does the dance master will defiantly picker her to be at the show to perform the dance. Albert Bandera social learning theory has become popular in todays society, like entertainment, education, and especially in the media such as advertising. Bandura did not like how the media would use the observational learning theory because it was mostly used to show negative or violent behaviors that people would learn (2013). Fox example alcohol or cigarette companies use media to advertise their product. These companies use attractive models like role models that todays society look up to or are considered to be â€Å"cool†. Society watches these advertisements, they become amuse some act the behaviors, such as smoking or drinking because they think is the â€Å"cool† thing to do especially the youth. Albert Bandura theory brought great contribution to the psychology field, observational learning or modeling has very concepts process, but if you think about it is really just common sense. Observational learning or modeling would be use more for children because they have not yet developed right from wrong (2013). Is also away that a parent or just any adult can know how to act a certain way around children, because a child behavior always reflects his or her parent or role model. How to cite Albert Bandera, Papers

Resort and Spa Management for Global Financial - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theResort and Spa Management for Global Financial Crisis. Answer: The need and quest for establishing spas and resorts as part of leisure industry have been on the rise in the 21st century. It is evident that there is a boom in the spa industry over the past decade with an increase in the revenues amounting to more than $40 billion. According to the recent reports from the International spa association, it has been said that there are more than 150 million spa goers globally. The large size of the market makes it one of the most important leisure segments. Ironically, the spa industry lacks a market leader (Yu, 2016). The appreciation of spa industry due to the wellness and healing by the consumers has made investors develop an interest in the sector making the industry grow by double digits yearly for the past ten years. It is of importance to state that spa industry provides comfort for many coupled with natural sceneries such as beaches and parks. Over the past few decades, the hotel and spa industry had witnessed and evidenced tough and challenging times. The challenges are diverse due to the complexities posed by the global markets (Yu, 2016). In the below discussion, some of the challenges that affect the hotel and spa industry are highlighted. Also, the content states how the problems affect consumers. Challenges facing spa and resort industry Global financial crisis The financial crisis that has been witnessed globally is something that has crippled the hotel and spa industry. The declining bargaining power by the consumers as a result of continues inflation makes the prices of goods and services expensive (Asiatech, 2011). The amount of disposable income has reduced something that has, made consumers conscious of their buying and spending habits. As a result of a decline in the disposable income among consumers, they have forgone luxuries such as holidays due to the unforeseeable future demands and the unpredictability of events. For those that are new in the market and industry of hospitality, they have been forced to close their premises due to the increase in the operating costs as little revenue trickle in yet the running costs due to many employees continue to be a nightmare for many(Asiatech, 2011). It has been witnessed that many companies have lost a lot of money and others are caught up in massive debts in trying to cope with financial crisis. Some spas and hotels are even offering their rooms at a low price than expected. In fact, the prices are ridiculous so to speak of, 80% of the deal something worrying to the business owners. On the other hand, it is a relief for the consumers as a result of the reduced prices and great offers and deals. For resorts that have operations and business units in other countries benefit the most. It happens that different countries have varying economic phases. In the case that one country is experiencing recession and the other country is experiencing boom then it means that a spa will benefit if it has its operations in a country having a boom. It is through globalization that firms can diversify and mitigate risks. Also, if a resort has several branches in other places, then in the case that some of the units are making continuous losses, then it would be substantial for the parent spa to close the units that are making permanent losses. Competition Before the onset of the financial crisis globally, the hotel industry was experiencing a boom. It was evident that hotels were being opened on a weekly basis across the globe as compared to the past 50 years. With the recent competition for a market domination in a small market has made the industry a risky affair (Brey, 2010). Some reports have indicated the presence of deals that are staggering in particular days in various hotel booking sites. The deals assume various shapes and forms where clients are offered one nit free after booking two nights and also being offered free breakfast. Such offers serve to attract and have more clients by improving their experience in various hotels and spa. However, the looming competition has forced some of the businesses out of industry due to the inability to satisfy the demands of the industry. If there is an industry that is compelling is the hospitality due to the changing needs and preferences across the world (Yu, 2016). Firms have to acc ommodate the trends that are emerging to remain relevant in the industry. The emerging trends ensure fierce competitions among firms as very few can provide and implement the changes locking some businesses out of the market. A good example is the online booking that came recently, and most hotels have adopted such a trend. Those hotels and spa without websites where their clients can book online are viewed as of poor quality regarding services and also the products they offer (Brey, 2010). On the other hand, most consumers view online services as fast and efficient limiting the need to move and inspect the premises. Competition has led to innovations such as booking of hotels is accompanied with a touring agency reducing the need for the client looking for a means of transport in the case they are tourists (Yu, 2016). Also, most websites have been designed in such a way that there is information on different packages offered by the hotel and spa, such information is handy for the consumers (saviny partners, 2011). Such websites are designed so as they inc rease the competitiveness of the resorts and hotels. As for competition, it is for the resorts to improve their services by ensuring that new products are invented to attract new customers and also retain the existing ones. It is evident that there are more costs while trying to implement and develop some services (Cohen and Bodeker, 2011). However, there more benefits after implementation and development phase. For any resort to remain and compete strategically, then analyzing and conducting research to understand the needs and changes of consumers preferences is an important aspect. Services offered It is as a result of competition that there are numerous products and services offered by hotels and spas. There are advancements in the type of services and also the amenities and facilities at the disposal of the hotels and spas. In the past, there were moments when the only thing that was offered by a hotel was just a bed and a table. A wardrobe was available on rare occasions. With the recent advancements, resorts and spas that are rated two star now offer Wi-Fi, a gym, and television (Yu, 2016). Competition has taken things to a higher level making it the responsibility of the hotels and spas to offer such facilities for their clients. The big challenge is that in future clients will demand more regarding facilities something that will be an extra expense to the spas and hotels (Cohen and Bodeker, 2011). A good illustration is the world class spas, golf courses; nightclubs are facilities that are offered as standard services in hotels and spas. In the coming years to come things will assume a new course as the demands and needs will change as per that time. It is important to take note of the services offered by various hotels and spas as they can either make a good reputation for the spa or a bad name. The strength of social media is so powerful that it can destroy a reputation about the spa by people giving reviews. Some businesses have seen few customers as a result of bad reviews by customers in the social media platforms such a facebook and twitter. When people find such blogs in facebook and twitter, they will believe such messages and in return avoid visiting such hotels and spas. On the other hand, positive reviews about a particular spa in a social media influence more clients to pay attention and visit such places that have been praised by other people. Social media is something that spas and hotels do not influence yet it can cause either damage or build a reputation of a hotel. In the global market, it would be important for a firm to be innovative in the services it offers to have a competitive edge over its competitors. It is through offering new products that satisfy the consumers that a resort will attract many customers. It is necessary that a spa should develop customized products to suit individual needs of their customers. Tailoring services to various customers ensure that each person has their tastes covered. Trends in resort and spa With the economic climate that keeps on changing, resorts and spas have to be ahead in if they are to reap benefits associated with customers service and attain revenues both in the short and long run (Kaufman, Lashley and Schreier, 2009). Achieving a good performance in the market depends on spas paying attention to the trends, developing spa menus that reveal consumer desires (Henkin, n.d.). Having unique geographical locations around the world has made it difficult to maintain a constant stream of revenues. A shift has been evidenced as consumers show more concern towards wellness and health a move that has driven consumer needs. Such services involve increasing the levels of comfort through having spa procedures with medication and also having treatments (Murphy, 2008). The medical and health industries will gain from such collaborations with the spas and resorts. According to a recent delegation in international spa summit, it was recorded that there were huge opportunities for the preventive health sector as there is room for future growth. More focus has been drawn on medical spas and luxury spas. Many stakeholders showed interest in working with the healthcare to a great extent. In the delegates conference, it was also analyzed that most of the profitable ventures included healthcare and insurance regulatory among many other things. The consumers of this generation are more conscious of health aspects and are also being price sensitive a move that will strengthen ties between the s pas and the health sector. It is clear that spas continue creating constant awareness in wellness and future hospitals will have spa offerings. Environmental concerns are becoming an issue as a more proactive approach is being taken by the consumers. A spa that is eco-friendly is something that is not likely to disappear (Pizam, n.d.). The use of wood that has been recycled, electricity powered by the wind and having recycling bins in strategic areas are issues that have been on the radar of investors of spa who are now more sensitive to the environment. The green initiatives are gaining momentum in the field of resorts and spas. Consumers will demand attention to a green environment as a green spa revolution is already in place to ensure that consumers remain alerted on the issue of a safer and a cleaner environment. Consumers are also on the look for stress management services (Yu, 2016). The menus from spas should keep this trend in their mind. Such distressing services include yoga, relaxation massages, and meditation programs are on the increase and demand for such services in future will increase. Such help alleviates stress responsible for diseases such as ulcers and arthritis among other maladies. Many spas are now offering self-awareness programs aiming to help consumers charge both spiritually and mentally. In conclusion, it is evident that many challenges are threatening the growth and the success of the resorts and spas. Issues such as financial crisis have left many crippled in this century; almost every part of the world is experiencing a crisis that affects the economy. Also, the changing needs of consumers tastes and preferences are something that spas have to adapt and accommodate the trends. The trends and changes in the modern business atmosphere are forcing many spas and resorts to change their outlook to attract consumers and preserve existing clients. An issue such as awareness of a green environment is an important aspect that shows that spas and resorts are being socially responsible as a move to work with the consumers (Yu, 2016). Consumers want a safer environment that is clean and more secure for future generations. All that being said it is evident that spas have a challenge of keeping up with modern trends and have to ensure they remain relevant. References Asiatech (2011). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Avaya.com. Available at: https://www.avaya.com/en/documents/top-_4_challenges_facing_hospitality.pdf?t=0 [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Brey, E. (2010). Developing a Better Understanding of Resort Management: An Inquiry into Industry Practices. Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management, 20(1), pp.79-102. Cohen, M. and Bodeker, G. (2011). Understanding the global spa industry. New York: Routledge. Henkin, G. (n.d.). Spa Trends Now and In the Future, by Gary Henkin. [online] Hotelexecutive.com. Available at: https://hotelexecutive.com/business_review/2022/spa-trends-now-and-in-the-future [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Kaufman, T., Lashley, C. and Schreier, L. (2009). Timeshare management. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Murphy, P. (2008). The business of resort management. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Pizam, A. (n.d.). International encyclopedia of hospitality management. Salehudin, M., Prasad, D. and Osmond, P. (n.d.). CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABLE RESORT AND HOTEL DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ijbts-journal.com/images/main_1366796758/0063-Muhamad.pdf [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. saviny partners (2011). Challenges of the Spa Market Savigny Partners. [online] Savignypartners.com. Available at: https://savignypartners.com/2011/06/challenges-of-the-spa-market/ [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Yu, L. (2016). The international hospitality business. New York: Routledge.